‘同义替换’是所有接触英语同学们绕不过去的字眼，在学术写作过程中，替换同义词可以扩大词汇量，避免语句沉闷，让文章语言变得更加丰富。无论是雅思托福、四六级，还是考研英语，阅读部分的同义替换都是很多同学的一大痛点，本期为大家剖析同义替换现象，以单词替换角度解读Paraphrasing！
同义替换 Paraphrasing
The act of paraphrasing is also called paraphrasis as it is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words.
同义替换，顾名思义就是用不同的表达来替换相同的意思。同义替换 Paraphrasing 可以分为以下三种类型：
- 单词 Word
- 短语 Phrase
- 可以为短语之间、短语对单词的替换，较为多见
- 句子 Sentence
- 通常以句子的核心意思替换单词或短语
同义替换 – 单词篇
Paraphrasing Techniques
词性替换
Word Paraphrasis
难度系数 ★
词性替换也被称为派生词，是同义替换中最简单的一类。在阅读中，通常是题目的关键信息与原文中的内容词性变化，要点是辩认出相同词根。
Statement: The survey concluded that one—fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.
Original text: 80% was within the locality.
同义替换：locality–local
Statement: Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.
Original text: and they have more normal blood glucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels).
同义替换：diabetes–diabetic
同义词替换
Word Paraphrasis
难度系数 ★ ★
这种同义替换比较常见，在阅读题目中和原文关键内容同义转述，最简单的就是同义词。在这里@学术英语为大家列出三组同义词替换：
Statement: Over 2000 years ago, kites were used in Chinaas weapons, as well as for sending
Original text: the Chinese were using them to deliver messages…
同义替换：China—Chinese; deliver–sending
Statement: One of the brain’s most difficult tasks is to
A. react to their own thoughts
B. helped create language in humans
C. respond instantly to whatever is happening
Original text: Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.
同义替换：most—extremely; difficult—demanding; task—job
上义词替换
Word Paraphrasis
难度系数 ★ ★ ★
上义词指的是相对概括抽象的词，而下义词则指的是相对具体的词。举例来说，动物animal是上义词，而fox, snake, kangaroo就是下义词。
Statement: Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.
Original text: As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older.
同义替换：drug—treatment, delay the process of growing old—slow human aging
下义词替换
Word Paraphrasis
难度系数 ★ ★ ★
下义词的转换原理和上义词类似。
Statement: how AI might have a military impact.
Original text: HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30 processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or …
同义替换：military–battlefield
反义词替换
Word Paraphrasis
难度系数 ★ ★ ★ ★
双重否定即为肯定，在阅读中也会常看到反义词来替换，比如题目与原文使用反义形式进行转化。
Statement: What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface.
Original text: There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment
同义替换：detach—reversible attachment (detach-attach)
原创文章，作者：eastwriting，如若转载，请注明出处：https://eastwriting.com/%e9%99%8d%e4%bd%8e%e9%87%8d%e5%a4%8d%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%ef%bc%8cparaphrasing%e5%90%8c%e4%b9%89%e6%9b%bf%e6%8d%a2%e4%b9%8b%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d%e7%af%87/
