北美常见的参考风格 Essay Format写作常见问题解析

不知留学生是否遇到过 Essay乱堆的情况,这种情况想必大家都很头痛。Essay Format本身也不知如何应对, Bibliography/Reference应该如何写?怎样才能不被扣 Format分呢?以下就为大家讲解一下 Essay写作的常见问题。需要代写助攻?

北美常见的参考风格 Essay Format写作常见问题解析

Essay Format

对于所有的Academic Essay

来说格式都基本相同。

字号:12-point font size

字体:Times New Roman

行距:double-spaced

另外,对于Arts科目来说,字数限制也十分重要。部分科目会将in-text citation或者footnotes也算入字数中,具体需以每科的Assignment要求为准。

The length of the paper should be XXXX words(+/-10%).The penalty(5-point deduction)will apply to a paper which is outside this range.

再者,Plagiarism对于Essay来说至关重要!每一篇Essay都会经过Turnitin系统检查内容相似率。因此citation的必要性就不言而喻了。

APA style?Harvard system?

Chicago?Or MLA?

What?到底该用哪一种?

它们分别又有什么格式要求?

APA style

APA应该是同学们使用最广的reference方式。其格式要求主要为:

要求同学们在开始进行段落开头写作前按一下Tab键以替代空格首行缩进;

双倍行间距Double Space;

字体要求Times New Roman;

Intext citations格式:

One author:

…(Hawkins,2003).

Hawkins(2003)reported that the results were inconclusive.

OR In 1979,Conger conducted a study which showed that…

Two authors:

…(Bovey&Hede,2001)

Reference list格式:

1.book:

Author surname,Author initial(s).(Year of publication).Title of book(edition number if not the 1st edition).Place of publication:Name of publisher.

2.Journal article:

Author family name,Author initial(s).(Year of publication).Title of the article.Title of the Journal,volume number(issue number),page numbers of the article.

3.Web sites:

Author/editor surname,Author/editor initial(s).(Year,month day of last update,or copyright year).Title of the page/document.Retrieved Month day,year,from URL

MLA 8th

MLA 8th

MLA(Modern Language Association)相信留学生们都很熟悉,为美国现代语言协会制定的Essay指导格式,在一般书写英语Essay时应当使用MLA格式来保证学术著作的完整。

Intext citation:

在MLA格式中,一般以intext citation代替脚注及尾注,格式为:

author’s last name and a relevant page number;

Eg:…it was the worst of times”(Dickens 5);

wrote Charles Dickens of the eighteenth century(5)

注意:如有一个以上的作者,用“and”而不是“&”链接~

Eg:(Brown and Czerniewicz 2010)

Reference list格式:

1.book:

Last name,First name.Title of Book.Publisher,Year of Publication.

2.Journal article:

Last name,First name.“Title of Article.”Title of Journal,volume,issue,year,page range of article.Database,URL.

3.websites:

Last name,First name.Name of site.Publisher or sponsor of site,date of publication(if available),URL.

Chicago

Intext citation:

在Chicago格式中,就不是用intext citation了,需要在正文中加入连续的自然数标记脚注及尾注,其格式为:

1.Book:

Note Number.Author’s First and Last Names,Title of Book:Subtitle of Book(Place of Publication:Publisher’s Name,Date of Publication),page number(s).

2.Journal article:

Note Number.Author’s First and Last Names,“Article Title,”Title of Publication Vol no,issue no(Date of Publication):page number(s).

3.Websites:

Note Number.“Title of Webpage”Name of Website,Date modified/accessed,URL.

Harvard

Reference list:

1.book:

Eg:Brick,J 2009,Academic culture:a student’s guide to studying at university,National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research,Sydney.

2.Journal article:

Eg:Prentice,C 2010,‘Terms of ambivalence:cultural politics and symbolic exchange’,Australian Literary Studies,vol.25,no.4,pp.33-54.

3.Websites:

Fein,B 2011,‘The Patriot Act is at war with the constitution’,The American view:God,family,republic,viewed 8 November 2011,http://archive.theamericanview.com/index.php?id=1770

所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列,一个作者有多本著作时,则按年份先后排列顺序。

以上就是关于Essay的写作攻略分享,现在同学们该知道怎么写Essay了吧!如果还有不了解的,需要找essay代写的话,建议找我们留学生作业网!新客户首单立减5%!

 

原创文章,作者:eastwriting,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.eastwriting.com/essay-format%e5%86%99%e4%bd%9c%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90/

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